Understanding parameters impacting the mechanism leading to spalling around underground excavations in massive rocks under high stress

Abstract Underground excavation is required for mining engineering and nuclear waste repository. As the progresses, stress increases, brittle failures frequently exist. Brittle are arranged into two types: spalling rock bursting. Spalling in shape of a V-notch may severely damage machine workers involved its development. This potential hazard can be mitigated by fully representing all parameters that cause model. Thus, optimized tunnel design achieved. result, company strike balance between profit safety. Several possible results proposed conducting series sensitivity studies on credible model based real-world case study Research Laboratory (URL) Canada. It includes predicting Depth Failure (DOF) changing main parameters, particularly strength (tensile crack initiation) (σ 1 ). The result reveals increasing tensile over UCS decreases DOF, percentages initiation (CI) σ max increases DOF. Moreover, systematic errors generated lead to inaccurate DOF estimation. problem must approached with judgment order solution correspond actual phenomenon.